INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

CLASS IX

 

SHORT QUESTIONS

 

Q1. Define Biology.

Ans: Biology: The word biology comes from Greek language "Bios" meaning "life" and "Logos" meaning "thought or reasoning. Thus biology means the study of life.

Q2. What is life?

Ans. Life cannot be defined properly, but on the basis of life processes, it can be identified through following functions of living organisms.

1. Digestion

2.Development

3.Respiration

4.Excretion

5.Metabolism

6.Irritability

7.Movement

8.Reproduction

9.Growth

Q3.Define Bio elements.

Ans. In nature, there are more than 100 kinds of elements and among these 16 elements are called as bio-elements, which are vital for life. Only six elements such as C, H, O, N, S and P are called basic elements of life.

04. Why biology is named as multidimensional subject?

Ans. Biology is a multidimensional subject and linked with other sciences. For example, the movement of animals follows the laws of motion in physics. Biology is considered as interdisciplinary science, which is related with other sciences.

Q5. Define Surgery.

Ans. Surgery deals with repair, replacement or removal of the affected organ.

Q6. What is the difference between Agriculture and horticulture?

Ans Agriculture:  This deals with production of varieties of crops, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, etc.

Horticulture:  This is also part of agriculture, in which work is carried out for the development of new varieties of plants and their products.

Q7. How farming profession helps mankind?

Ans.In this profession, the development of different kinds of farms takes place, such as fish farm, cattle farm, poultry farm, etc. New technologies are used for the production of animals as source of meat and milk, leather, wool, etc.

Q8. Define Animal husbandry.

Ans. This profession is part of agriculture science. It deals with the care and breeding of animals which are beneficial for man.

LONG QUESTIONS

 

QLWhat are the divisions and branches of Biology?

Ans. 1.Divisions of Biology:

There are three major division od bilolgy are:

(1.)Zoology: it deal with the study of animals

(2.)Botany  It deals with the study of plants

(3) Microbiology: It deals with the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria etc.,which can be seen only with the help of microscope.

Branches of Biology:

Morphology: The study of external form and structure of organisms.

Anatomy: The study of internal parts of body of living organisms by cutting them open.

Cell biology: The study of cell and its organelles.

Histology: The study of structure of tissues of plants and animals.

 Physiology: The study about functions of living organisms.

Taxonomy: The study of the rules, principles, grouping and naming the living organisms.

 Genetics: The study of heredity, that is transferring of characters from parents to offspring.

Developmental biology: The study of formation and development of embryo.

Environmental biology: The study of relationship between living organisms and living factors of environment and their effects on each other.

 Paleontology:The study of remote past organic life, with the help of fossils.

 Biotechnology: The study about techniques for manipulation of gene to bring the changes in structure and location of genes to achieve desirable characters is called biotechnology.

 Socio-biology: The study of social behavior of living organisms, i.e. interaction between themselves.

 Parasitology: The study of parasites.

Pharmacology: The study about action of drugs. (xv) Molecular biology: The study of organic molecules which constitute cell and its organelles.

Q2: Explain the relationship of biology with other sciences. Blophysics: It is a branch of physics, in which laws and techniques of physics are applied to explain the processes of life. Use of radioactive isotopes and sound waves as ultrasound and laser technology show relation of physics with biology.

Biomathematics/Biometry: The branch of mathematics which collects data of living organisms. It plays very important role in research.

Biochemistry: It is branch of biology which deals with the study of molecules which form living organisms or cell and requires authentic knowledge about biology and chemistry to explain the synthesis of biomolecules and function of different molecules in the body of an organism.

Biogeography: It deals with the distribution of different living organisms in different geographical regions of the world.

Bio-economics: This deals with the economically important organisms involved in production, e.g. meat production, etc. are calculated for cost value and profit value.

Q3. How does Quran instruct to reveal the study of life? OR Mention few Ayat about life.

Ans. QURAN AND BIOLOGY:

The Almighty Allah has conveyed a great knowledge about the origin and characteristics of animals and plants through our Holy Book, the Quran. A few of Ayah are quoted as under: Allay Says;

"We made every living thing from water".

(Surah: Ambia, Verse: 30)

"And Allah has created every animal from water of them there are some that creep on their bellies, some that walk on two legs; and some that walk on four. Allah creates what He will Lo! Allah is able to do all things."(Surah Al-Nur, Ayah-45) Here water is symbolized with the protoplasm as the basis of life and the vital power of protoplasm seems to depend on the constant presence of water.

"And in the earth are neighboring tracks, vineyards and ploughed lands, and date-palms, like and unlike which are watered with one water. And we have made some of them to excel others in fruit. Lo! (Surah: Al-Ra'd, Ayah: 4) Here in verily are portents for people who have sense." Here Allah has revealed some facts about plant growth and development.