Indonesia - This year the whole world commemorates World Habitat Day (HHD) which falls on October 4, 2021, which is the first Monday in October 2021. This year's HHD theme echoes the spirit of sustainable development in urban areas, 'Accelerating Urban Action for Carbon Free World - Adapting Cities for Climate Resilience'. The commemoration of HHD every year and especially this year is to disseminate information about the need for commitments to reduce carbon emissions, and to invite as many people as possible to take concrete actions to adapt to climate change. Indonesia has an archipelago with cities and settlements mostly located on the coast, which will be greatly affected if the increase in carbon emissions is not curbed. This is because carbon is the main element in greenhouse gases (GHG) that accumulates in the earth's atmosphere. The accumulation of GHGs has triggered an increase in temperature on earth and subsequently caused sea level rise and climate change. The impact of this climate change phenomenon has been felt over the last few years, including cyclone disasters that occur more frequently and with greater strength. For example, in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) area which was hit by tropical cyclone Seroja in early April 2021. The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) had said that flash flooding caused by tropical cyclone Seroja was a natural disaster that had the biggest impact in the last 10 years in NTT Province.
The agenda and efforts that must be made by the world's population to reduce the impact of climate change through mitigation and adaptation have often been conveyed by world leaders. However, because of the magnitude and importance of this issue, sometimes our challenge to initiate action is not knowing where to start and our own doubts that the small efforts we make will contribute to the world. One important step that must be taken is to take the first step, from home we can take real action to reduce carbon emissions. Home is a place where we spend most of our time doing activities, and each of our activities must produce something that we release (throw away) into the surrounding environment, starting from when we wake up, take a shower, eat, even when we sleep. Carbon emissions from human activities are known as anthropogenic emissions. From activities in the house, humans produce carbon from various sources. In general, we can classify carbon emissions in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas produced at the development stage and also at the utilization stage. At the house construction stage, CO2 emissions come from the production process of materials such as cement, bricks, mild steel, roof tiles, ceramic tiles and other materials. During the construction of a house, electrical energy is also needed. The electricity consumption is converted into potential CO2 emissions. Similarly, at the utilization stage, when the house is inhabited, the consumption of electrical energy is converted into potential CO2 emissions. Judging from studies related to CO2 production from the housing sector, it was found that housing contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions at the construction stage. According to research data in seven cities by Kurdi (2008), CO2 emissions from the construction phase of approximately 100 housing units produced from components of floors, walls and roofs of houses are in the range of 9,802 kg per year to 17,751 kg per year.
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