Fertilization and Conception, Obstetrics and Gynaecology

 Fertilization and Conception 

Fertilization  

Fertilization is a physiological process in which mature ovum (secondary oocyte) is meet with sperm in such a way that 23 chromosomes of ovum & 23 chromosomes of sperm are at a joint to form 23 pair of chromosomes. Fertilization simply means formation of zygote from ovum and sperms. This fertilization is a biochemical process and it take place at the ampulla of fallopian tube. 


Actually ovum does have two outer layers which are 'zone pellicida' & 'Corona radiata' both of these layers does provide protection to the ovum inside which two separate set of 23 chromosomes are present. When any sperm is reached out the outer surface of ovum then the sperm does release an enzyme 'hyalurinodose' enzyme does piercing in the wall of ovum and then after 23 chromosomes of sperm are ejected inside the ovum now chromosomes of sperm and ovum are at joint and fertilization is completed. 



Conception

Conception is the physiological process in which fertilized ovum is implanted at the endometrium of uterus. Now after conception this endometrium of uterus is known as 'Decidua'. The process of conception is actually completed on 11th day of fertilization. 


First of all division take place of this zygote and has a result of cell division, zygote is transfer into blastomers, then after into morulla then after into blastocyte until 5th day of menstruation/ fertilization.


Now cell differentiation