Java The popular computer language Java was developed in 1995. James Gosling headed a group of researchers at Sun Microsystems, Inc. to develop Java in an attempt to develop a new language that would enable interoperability between consumer electronics. Beginning in 1991, work on the language quickly shifted to a new market, the World Wide Web. When Java was first introduced in 1995, its capacity to offer animation and video demonstrated that it was especially well-suited for the Web. Java is used by more than 3 billion devices worldwide and is controlled by Oracle.It's employed for: Mobile programs (especially Android apps)Using desktop programsWeb-based programsApplication servers and web serversDatabase link for games Benefits of using Java Different systems can run Java. It includes Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.There is a high demand for it in the present employment market because it is one of the most widely used computer languages in the world.Both learning and using it are straightforward.Free and open-source, itIt is reliable, quick, and strong.It enjoys strong group backing. (tens of millions of developers)Java is an object-oriented language that gives programs a distinct framework and permits code duplication, which lowers development costs.Java is similar to C++ and C#, making the transition for coders to Java or vice versa simple. Disadvantages of Java Performance C/C++ applications operate much faster than Java programs do. They can support both procedural as well as object-oriented programming whereas Java can only work with Object-oriented design and hence it is slower. 2. Memory Because Java Virtual Machine runs on top of Java Programs, more RAM is used. The usage of more RAM may create bugs in the system and make it slower. This can tamper with the programming and the debugging speed. 3. Cost Cost As RAM and computing demands rise, hardware costs rise as well. High costs might often discourage programmers to try out new combinations of coding. This flow is often seen. 4. Lack of low-level concepts Java doesn't enable low-level computing, such as pointers, in any way. A language is considered more effective if it has the capability of assigning both high-level and low-level concepts. Being a purely, high-level language, Java is incapable of delivering the required low-level concepts. . No Unsigned Types Java does not allow unsigned int, unsigned char, etc., unlike C/C++. However, Java 8 introduces an API for unsigned long and unsigned int. SAMPLE PROGRAM IN JAVA Given below is a sample program to print the statement “Hello World” in Java programming language. The public class main is used for printing the statement in Java. The name of the class must start with a capital letter. Being a case-sensitive language, it is important that the name of the class is given as Main instead of main. The system. out. println keyword is used for printing the content in Java. SAMPLE OUTPUT Hello World Python Python is a popular high-level, general-purpose computer language. Guido van Rossum created it at first, and the Python Software Foundation later refined it. Programmers can convey ideas using its syntax and fewer lines of code thanks to their focus on code readability. This language is used for a variety of tasks, including creating, coding, generation, and software testing. Python is used by leading software companies like Dropbox, Google, Quora, Mozilla, Hewlett-Packard, Qualcomm, IBM, and Cisco because of its efficiency and simplicity. Uses of Python Python is widely used for Web development Data analytics and visualization Machine learning Financial analysis Building desktop and business applications Scripting and utility software. AI and deep learning Benefits of Python Presence of components from external parties Vast support systems(NumPy for numerical calculations, Pandas for data analytics, etc.) Open access and a sizable provides a vibrant group Flexible and simple to read, study, and composecomprehensible data layouts advanced language Language can be written dynamically(No need to mention data type based on the value assigned, it takes data type) It is both procedural and object-orientedInteractive and transportableIdeal for samples because it requires less writing and offers more features Disadvantages of Python Python has some drawbacks, such as a sluggish speed and high memory utilization. Additionally, it does not allow multi-threading, database access, or mobile settings. It is popular in data science, machine learning, and server-side web programming, and is an excellent option for rapid prototyping. Low speed due to interpreters. Python is an interpreted language and is slow compared to C/C++ or Java. Unlike C or C++ it’s not closer to hardware because Python is a high-level language. As we all know that compilation and execution help to work normally, but in this case, the execution of Python takes place with the help of an interpreter instead of the compiler as we have seen that Python code is executed line by line, which causes it to slow down. Speed is a focal point for the project required by any programmer. On the other hand, it can be seen that it is fast for many web applications too. Not conducive for mobile development. Although Python is powerful for desktop and server platforms, making it a great server-side language, it is not a very effective language for smartphone programming, making it a weak language overall. Mobile programming uses it incredibly infrequently. Because of this, only a small number of mobile apps, like the Python-integrated Carbonnelle, are created in it. High memory consumption. Python is a poor option for any job that requires a lot of memory. Because of this, it is not employed in that manner. Because the data structures are so flexible, Python uses a lot of RAM. Runtime Errors. The architecture of this language has numerous flaws, which is one of its main disadvantages. Numerous problems with the language's structure are experienced by Python coders. Because this language is dynamically typed, it needs more testing and has flaws that only manifest during execution.