UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
UTI infection is caused by the pathogenic microorganism into urinary tract and it is characterized by changes in urinary habit or problem
Example
Dysuria, urgency, frequency, hematuria, fever, and chills.
Etiology & Risk Factor
• Immunodeficient individual over the age of 40 year
• Long term catheterization
• Failure of aseptic techniques in hospitalize produces
• As a nosocomial infection
• Any obstructive condition in urinary flow
Causes
About 80% UTI occur due to E. Coli other organisms include streptococcus, klebsiella
Pathophysiology
Due to risk factor
Leads to ⬇️⬇️
Entrance of microorganism direct or indirect into the urinary tract
Leads to ⬇️⬇️
Deposition of pathogenic organism into urinary tract lining
Leads to ⬇️⬇️
Damage in urinary tract lining
Leads to ⬇️⬇️
Fever and other urinary problems are develop
Signs and symptoms
• Fever
• Chills
• Dysuria
• Frequency
• Urgency
• Nocturia
• Fluid and electrolyte imbalance leads to nausea and vomiting
• Anorexia in develop or severe condition
• Severe peripheral discomfort and irritation of urethra,
• Bacteriuria
Diagnostic Evaluation
• History collection
• Physical Examination
• Urine analysis
• Urine culture
• Urine microscopy
• Blood investigation, increased WBC count and ESR (Erythrocyte Segmentation Rate)
Management
Non pharmacological management
• Instruct the patient to maintain personal hygiene
• Provide the perineal care with antiseptic solution
• Encourage the patient for take excessive fluid and avoid dehydration
• Provide 6-8 hour perineal care to the catheterized patient
• Changes of Foley's catheter in every 4-5 days or catheterise with silicone catheter for 21 days
Pharmacological management
• Antibiotic therapy used for 7-10 days for acute condition
• Oral administration of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, cotrimoxazole,
• Other symptomatic treatment antipyretics, analgesics phenozopyridine is given for relieving for voiding discomfort
• In severe UTI the Intravenous administration of ciprofloxacin, amikacin, amoxicillin are recommended for 3-5 days
Nursing management
Nursing assessment
Includes
• Assessment of fever
• Assessment of urinary pattern
• Assessment of dysuria
• Assessment of hematuria
• Assessment of urgency
• Assessment of frequency etc.
• Monitoring of intake output chart
• Assessment of knowledge
• Assessment of anxiety and discomfort
Nursing diagnosis
1. Hyperthermia or increase body temperature due to presence of pathogenic microorganism into urinary tract
2. Pain and discomfort related to streptococcal damage in urinary lining evidence by increase number of pathogenic organisms in urine
3. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance related to lack of fluid intake, nausea vomiting etc.
4. Knowledge deficit related to low education level and disease proceed.
Complications
• Pylonephritis
• Anaemia due to hematuria
UTI Urinary Tract Infection
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