What are Insuline Coma and Diabetes Coma?

Insulin Coma

Definition

It is a condition in which blood sugar level decreases up to 50 mg/dl or less than 50 mg/dl.

It is also called a hypoglycemic coma.


Causes

• Alcohol intake with food.

• Delayed intake of the meal.

• Excessive exercise.

• High does of insulin hormones.

• Do not intake food after taking insulin dose.


Signs/Symptoms

• Blood glucose level is less than 50 mg/dl

• Cold and clammy of skin.

• Numbness in mouth, tongue, dose.

• Increase heart beat.

• Emotional changes.

• Slurred speech (difficulty in speaking)

• Dizziness

• Seizures

• Dilated pupil

• Coma

• Loss of consciousness.


Medical Management

• Give sugar (glucose) orally if the patient is conscious, he can take orange juice, glucose tablets

• Glucagon administer by IV route.

• Dextrose 25% IV.


Nursing Management

• Intravenous fluids to restore water to your tissues.

• Potassium, sodium or phosphate supplements help your cells function correctly.


Diabetes Coma

Definition

It is the condition of coma due to increased blood sugar level (blood glucose level more than 300 mg/dl).


Definition

• Undiagnosed DM

• The quantity of insulin is low

• Stress and emotional

• Inadequate treatment of DM

• Intestinal disorder or infections with DM.


Clinical Manifestations

• Dry mouth

• Increased thirst

• Epigastric pain

• Nausea and vomiting

• Headache

• Low B.P.

• Lethargy

• Blurred vision

• Dry skin

• Serum glucose level is above 300 mg/dl

• Sunken eye

• Rapid pulse rate

• dyspnoea

• ketonuria.


Diagnostic Evaluation

• BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

• ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) analysis (see in procedures)

• Urinalysis.


Treatment

• Administer insulin by the IV route.

• Continuously provide insulin therapy every hour with normal saline.

• Insulin therapy should be continued till the blood glucose level become 250 mg/dl

• When blood glucose level becomes normal then give 5% dextrose in N.S.