Why is the water clear? And the sea of water is blue?

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The property of transparency can be defined as the ability of a substance to transmit or absorb light radiation in the region of the spectrum visible to man. If the surface of an object or substance can reflect light waves of a certain frequency, then a person sees the color of the object corresponding to this frequency - green, red, etc.

But what about water, why can't we see its colors? Everyone knows that water molecules consist of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Oxygen and hydrogen are colorless and odorless gases, which is mainly responsible for the colorlessness of water.

In addition, there are some peculiarities of the vibrations of hydrogen atoms within water molecules, which determine the ability of water to absorb light radiation in the visible range of the spectrum. Natural vibrations of hydrogen atoms in a water molecule coincide with the frequency range of the "red region" of the visible light spectrum, and therefore short blue light waves scatter much better than long "red" waves.

In the sea, where the water column is huge, short waves are not absorbed, but on the contrary, are scattered very well. Therefore, the sunlight coming back out of the water is seen as blue or blue, depending on the depth. Nevertheless, the same sea water in a glass will be transparent.

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Sincerely Eduard!