Stages of construction of an individual house
Each construction, regardless of the size of the house, has the same stages.
The first is the state of zero – that is, the construction of the building to the level of the first floor. This stage includes work related to the contour of the building, earthworks and foundations (foundations and walls or foundation slab). This part of the work ends with waterproofing.
Excavation and foundation construction do not seem very interesting, but they are a very important part of the construction, therefore they require careful planning, i.e. schedule. When building an individual house, it must be prepared by the construction manager. Based on the schedule, the contractor can prepare an estimate of costs.
Such a plan allows you to order building materials in advance and in the right order and smoothly proceed to the next work. Proper scheduling depends, in particular, on the financial resources at our disposal. They, in turn, will need different heights, depending on the next stage of construction of the house.
The shell is open
Since the end of the zero state, time passes quickly and the house reaches the state of open development at an almost express pace. This is usually a very exciting phase of construction for investors. Progress is most noticeable – the house reaches the intended dimensions, dimensions and height. You can enter it, for the first time you can see the layout of the rooms, which we presented on the basis of plans, in three dimensions.
What is included in the open shell?
An open shell is a construction stage at which:
external walls and internal walls,
internal reinforced concrete stairs,
roof structure (truss, possibly with primary coating),
chimneys,
ceilings.
In the state of an open shell, single-layer and three-layer walls erected in one stage are carried out entirely, and in two-layer walls - only masonry. If three-layer walls are erected in two stages, only the load-bearing layer is erected, in which anchors are placed for fixing the thermal insulation and the facade wall.
The open shell also includes reinforced concrete floors and stairs. The roof does not have a target coating, it is only a truss covered with roofing material on a rigid crate made of boards or water-resistant particle boards or with a lining membrane attached to the rafters using a grid of counter-crates and slats. Dormer windows and gutters are installed only when the roof is the final covering, and sometimes later.
At this stage, construction is often interrupted for the winter, because fixing the house is inexpensive (window and door openings are boarded up).
Stages of building a house cost - How much does a shell cost?
Each stage of building a house requires different financial costs. The condition of the building eats up the most money, the exterior decoration of the house is the least. Bringing a house into an open shell state is about 35-40% of the total cost of building a house. This means that we will spend the same amount on the installation of windows and doors, roofing, installations, as well as interior and facade decoration. Keep this in mind when planning and controlling the budget. However, it should be remembered that differences in the definition of the scope of work going to this stage may cause misunderstandings when evaluating and calculating with contractors. In order to avoid misunderstandings, the scope of work should be included in the contract with the contractor.
What is included in the design of a closed shell?
A closed shell is a construction stage at which:
installation of Windows
installation of entrance doors and garage doors,
brick partitions,
insulation and floor screed.
This is the third stage of the construction of the house - after the zero state and the state of the open shell. At the moment, all construction work has been completed. It's time to equip the target roof, erect partitions and install windows, doors and garage doors. For the latter reason, it is best if the house is already plastered, although this stage is often included in the decoration. And if plasters are used, you will also need screeds and pre-prepared installation work both on the walls and on the floor. If contractors make mistakes, they are likely to affect the durability of the floor or the heat or sound insulation of the premises. The sequence of work depends mainly on the season, the organization of construction, the availability of products and the financial capabilities of the investor.
Despite the fact that it is closed, the installation of an exit door is not recommended, as it may be damaged during finishing work. So it is better to refrain from installing them and install a temporary door during heavy work, which, for example, can be used later in the utility room. The same applies to garage doors, as the garage is often used as a warehouse for building materials during construction. Therefore, the gates are installed only after laying the exterior plaster
It is best to proceed to the installation of the roof only after the completion of other work on the roof, including those related to the brickwork of chimneys. The type of material for the roof is specified in the project, and you will not be able to change it yourself. This applies not only to the truss, which is designed for a certain load, and it is necessary to check, among other things, whether it will withstand the weight of the new coating and the original coating. For example, a light flat sheet requires formwork, which additionally stiffens the truss, and roof tiles require only the initial covering membranes.
When is it better to close the building?
Considering the entire construction cycle, most often the building is closed in the fall. Due to the fact that the cost of carpentry can be high, and it can be stolen, many people finish work related to the closed shell when finishing work begins, which means there will be more teams in it. If this does not happen immediately after the closure of the building, it is worth installing an alarm system in the house and hiring security.
Which contractors do you need to hire?
There is no clear definition of a closed shell in the Construction Law. Therefore, the contract with the contractor should always specify exactly what kind of work it covers. You will definitely need roofers for the arrangement of the coating and installers of joinery (windows, doors and garage doors). You can also find an installation and finishing team that will prepare screeds and plasters.
Which wood products to choose?
The waiting period for windows varies from 4 to 8 weeks, and doors from 4 to 6 weeks. In order not to delay the work, it is better to order materials in advance.
It is not recommended to order ready-made windows and doors based on the project without taking measurements. Due to this, in case of a mason's mistake, the windows will be selected according to the size of the opening, and not according to the structural dimensions. Of course, the hole made should correspond to the project, but construction is construction, and a person is just a person. Window and door openings can be measured after the last window of the attic or floor is built, i.e. before the top panel is flooded. As soon as these works are completed, it is worth organizing a visit to the construction site by a representative of the selected carpentry salon, who will measure all openings for windows and doors. It is worth choosing wood products with the best thermal insulation parameters. Remember that from January 1 of this year, the heat transfer coefficient of vertical windows should not exceed 0.9 W/(m2K),
According to the style of windows, doors and gates, it is worth choosing an offer from one manufacturer from one collection. Then all the products will be made in the same color and covered with the same paint or veneer. Some companies also offer outdoor blinds for windows, such as roller shutters or roller shutters. The wood elements combined with each other will give the building a harmonious and aesthetic appearance. Windows, doors and garage doors can be matched to the color of the facade, roof and gutters, and even the fence.
Which coverage will be the best?
Which material is better for covering the roof? What to choose - ceramic or cement tiles? Or maybe it's better to opt for a profiled or flat sheet? The answer is simple: a properly selected roof (its design, angle of inclination, method of initial coating) and an appearance corresponding to the style of the house. However, the choice is not easy, mainly because of the variety of models and colors of the case. It doesn't make it any easier that it's a choice for years. After all, roofing material is not replaced every year with changing trends in architecture.
In the beginning, it is good to trust the designer who will select the material for the roof so that it looks aesthetically pleasing and is functional, and the costs are within our capabilities. It is not necessary to change the type of coating just because others seem better or cheaper.
It is also worth remembering that most roofing materials are available immediately, but foreign-made tile models can be waited up to six months. Therefore, just like wood products, they should be ordered in advance.
rafiq works
Wooden frame houses and modular houses are manufactured "turnkey" within three months. A brick house takes longer to build. The construction process does not depend on the goodwill of investors, but on how the work is carried out and how they are distributed over time. Not everyone who builds a house for the first time has knowledge about the organization of construction, the schedule of work, the necessary technological breaks and other important points that have a great impact on the process of building a house. It is true that investors are not required to do this, but if they already have such knowledge, it will be much easier for them to realize their dreams of a house.
Construction in a year
With a good organization of construction, a house can be built in less than a year — for example, starting in early spring and finishing very late in autumn. Then you have to be well prepared, have a good contractor and consistently adhere to the accepted schedule. Of course, we have no influence on the weather, which may interfere with our plans. A few rainy weeks are enough to prevent you from moving into a new house at the end of the year.
A house in two years
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