The National Democratic Alliance (Rāṣṭrīya Loktāntrik Gaṭhabandhan) which is popularly know as NDA, is a centre-right to right-wing conservative Indian political alliance led by the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). and currently controls the government of India as well as the government of 15 Indian states and one Union territory. It was formed in 1998 by Atal bihari Vajpayee, L. K Avani and Pramod mahajan . National democratic alliance came to power in 1999. Atal Bihari Vajpayee took to become the prime minister of India. The main reason for its establishment was to contest the general elections. It was also seen as an anti-congress party/coalition.The NDA-BJP alliance ruled from 1998-2004 under the prime leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. And from 2004- 2014 the chairman of NDA was L. K Avani . The current chairman of the NDA is Amit shah. He has been in that position since 2014. This BJP-NDA alliance again came to power in 2014, when Narendra Modi became the prime minister of India. In the 2019 elections too, the very same alliance continued to lead as the government of India.
History Of NDA
It was led by the Bhartiya Janata Party , and included several regional parties, including the -
*Samata Party -
The Samata Party (SAP) is a political party in India, initially formed in 1994 by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar, now led by Uday Mandal its National President. Samata Party once launched Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister of Bihar.Samata Party is broke away from alliance in 2003 after formation of Janta Dal (United).and the
*AIADMK -
The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry.
It is a Dravidian party founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
During the 1998 general election, the AIADMK formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK). In the Atal Bihari Vajpayee-led government between 1998 and 1999, the AIADMK shared power with the BJP but withdrew support in early 1999, causing the BJP government to fall.as well as,
*Shiv Sena -
Shiv Sena is a right - wing Marathi regionalist and Hindu ultranationalist political party in India founded in 1966 by Bal Thackeray.
Shiv Sena was a coalition partner in the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) from 1998 until 2019, including the Vajpayee Government from 1998 to 2004 and the Narendra Modi Government from 2014 to 2019.
but Shiv Sena broke away from the alliance in 2019 to join the Maha Vikas Aghadi with Congress and the NCP. The Shiv Sena was the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.
* Past members-
| Lok Shakti | Bihar | 1999 | Merged with Janata Dal (United) for 1999 Elections | ||||
| J & K National Conference | Jammu and Kashmir | 2002 | Blaming the BJP for its loss in the Jammu and Kashmir state elections. | ||||
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2004 | Aligned with Congress Party during 2004 elections | ||||
| Haryana Vikas Party | Haryana | 2004 | Merged with INC | ||||
| Indian Federal Democratic Party | Kerala | 2004 | Following the 2004 election, Merged with Kerala Congress | ||||
| All India Trinamool Congress | National Party | 2007 | Aligned with the Congress party before the 2009 elections. | ||||
| Janata Dal (Secular) | Karnataka | 2007 | Left the alliance in 2007 Due To Not Signing Of MOU[62] | ||||
| Indian National Lok Dal | Haryana | 2009 | Left due to seat sharing disagreements during assembly elections 2009. | ||||
| Biju Janata Dal | Odisha | 2009 | Left the alliance just over a month before the 2009 elections. | ||||
| Bharat Rashtra Samithi | Telangana | 2009 | Left the alliance post defeat in 2009 election. | ||||
| Ladakh Union Territory Front | Jammu and Kashmir | 2010 | Merged with BJP. | ||||
| Kamtapur Progressive Party | West Bengal | 2010 | Withdrew Support due to Merger with Kamtapur People's Party. | ||||
| Uttarakhand Kranti Dal | Uttarakhand | 2012 | Withdrew Support before State Elections | ||||
| Rashtriya Lok Dal | Uttar Pradesh | 2012 | Has allied with Congress for 2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election | ||||
| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | Jharkhand | 2012 | Withdrew from alliance in 2012 | ||||
| Janata Party | Tamil Nadu | 2013 | Merged with BJP | ||||
| Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) | Haryana | 2014 | Withdrew from alliance before 2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election[63] Merged with Congress in 2016 | ||||
| Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2014 | Withdrew alliance in a view to Tamil Nadu Elections 2016 | ||||
| Kerala Congress (Nationalist) (Noble Mathew) | Kerala | 2016 | Merged with BJP[64] | ||||
| Kerala Janapaksham | Kerala | 2016 | Merged with BJP | ||||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik) | Kerala | 2016 | Withdrew alliance in a view to 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[65] | ||||
| Maraland Democratic Front | Mizoram | 2017 | Merged with BJP[66] | ||||
| Swabhimani Paksha | Maharashtra | 2017 | Broke the alliance[67] | ||||
| Telugu Desam Party | Andhra Pradesh | 2018 | Withdrawn support from NDA on 16 March 2018 over the demand of Special Category status to Andhra Pradesh and failure to implement the corresponding bifurcation act. | ||||
| Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party | Jammu and Kashmir | 2018 | BJP withdrawn support from JKPDP-led government on 19 June 2018. | ||||
| Rashtriya Lok Samata Party | Bihar | 2018 | Merged with Janta Dal (United) | ||||
| Gorkha Janmukti Morcha | West Bengal | 2019 | Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election.[68] | ||||
| Janadhipathya Samrakshana Samithi (Rajan Babu) | Kerala | 2019 | Merged with Janadhipathya Samrakshana Samithi | ||||
| Pravasi Nivasi Party | Kerala | 2019 | Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election | ||||
| Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha | Kerala | 2019 | |||||
| Kerala Vikas Congress | Kerala | 2019 | One faction merged with Kerala Congress (B), one faction still in NDA. | ||||
| Shiromani Akali Dal | Punjab | 2020 | Broke alliance on the issue of 3 Agriculture reforms Laws.[69] | ||||
| Gorkha Janmukti Morcha | West Bengal | 2020 | Has allied with All India Trinamool Congress. | ||||
| Rashtriya Loktantrik Party | Rajasthan | 2020 | Broke alliance on the issue of 3 agriculture reforms laws | ||||
| Bodoland People's Front | Assam | 2021 | Alliance broken ahead of 2021 Assam elections. | ||||
| Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Broke alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | ||||
| Goa Forward Party | Goa | 2021 | Broke alliance over concerns for the environment and alleged that the BJP were apathetic towards unemployed Goans.[70] | ||||
| Lok Insaaf Party | Punjab | 2022 | Broke alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election | ||||
| Janata Dal (United) | Bihar | 2022 |
In conclusion -
The National Democratic Alliance has had a profound impact on Indian politics. The alliance has successfully formed governments at the center and in several states, implementing policies and reforms in areas such as economic development, governance, and social welfare.
The NDA's emphasis on strong leadership, national security, and economic growth has resonated with voters and contributed to its electoral successes.
Furthermore, the NDA has provided a platform for diverse political parties to come together, fostering coalition politics and encouraging a broader representation of regional and national interests. This has allowed the alliance to navigate the complex dynamics of Indian politics and form a stable government.
However, it is important to note that the NDA, like any political alliance, has faced its share of challenges and controversies. Disagreements among coalition partners, differing regional priorities, and occasional policy disagreements have tested the unity of the alliance.
In recent years, the NDA has faced criticism on various fronts, including concerns over issues such as religious tensions, economic inequalities, and agrarian distress. These challenges have prompted both internal debates within the alliance and opposition from rival political parties.
Overall, the National Democratic Alliance has been a prominent force in Indian politics, shaping the country's policies and governance. While it has encountered its fair share of challenges, its ability to form stable governments, implement policies, and navigate diverse regional interests has solidified its position as a key player in Indian democracy.
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